INTRODUCTION:

Co-operative activity naturally shaped by moral values tends to operate in market stability and balanced economics.?

In the development of economy through public and private sector in India. Which is full of deer. As the golden middle path of these two fields, the cooperative activity that makes the slogan "Sahkar Vina Nahi Udghar" worthwhile or the cooperative sector has achieved a unique position in economic, social status and progress.

The rise of co-operatives in India was for the economic and social up liftmen of the poor peasants, farm labourers, landless farmers and the marginalized, exploited and victims living in the rural areas. It was hardly conceivable that co-operative activity would rise so high as an economic factor. The farmers stuck in the dire situation of poverty were making a living with difficulty from farming or other occupations. Which naturally according to the natural order the big fish swallows the small fish. Thus, cooperative activity has arisen for the salvation of these poor people. Not only in our country but in many countries of the world, different types of cooperative societies have been adopted as a resistance to exploitation. Cooperative activity is an ideal value economy. At the base of which there is no discrimination of equality, justice, caste-religion or caste or diplomatic thinking.

The diversity of India's cooperative activity has been interesting. It extends from the micro level to the national level. Its scope and extent are immeasurable. In today's economic liberalization and competitive environment, cooperatives face intense competition from domestic and foreign companies as well as in economic and productive markets. It requires cooperatives to operate with autonomy and independence along with a sharp edge of competitiveness.

With respect to India:-

India is a country made up of villages. About 60-65 percent of the population of our country lives in villages. Majority of the population in rural areas is engaged in agriculture, farm labour and animal husbandry. Animal husbandry is a secondary occupation associated with agriculture. Farmers use bullocks and other mulch animals for agricultural work to meet the requirement of milk and milk products. Animal husbandry provides organic manure. Farmers have been rearing and rearing animals for their living needs. By farming, fodder is available to the farmers with less effort and less cost so that the animal husbandry business becomes easier for sustenance.

Animal husbandry is the main or secondary occupation of the villagers but there is no market for its produce in the village. Uneducated or under-educated people in the village do not have enough to sell their produce in the city. There remains the question of marketing in animal husbandry business. So exploitation of unorganized herdsmen is possible. It is difficult to get improved offspring as most of the cattle breeders have hereditary domesticated animals.

The standard of living of the pastoralists living in the villages of India should be raised and the urban population should get milk and milk products easily and at reasonable prices. A cooperative dairy was already established in Anand when a well-organized plan to increase milk production in India named Operation Flood was implemented by the central government with the aim of increasing milk production in the country and preventing the exploitation of herdsmen by the upper classes.

Talking about the development of cooperative activity in India, many different types of cooperative societies have been developed. In which Gujarat has achieved a leading position in the development of milk production cooperative societies. Animal husbandry has developed as a supplementary industry along with agriculture in the state of Gujarat. Since the cooperative dairy was established in Anand of Gujarat, the Prime Minister Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri was impressed by the performance of Anand Dairy and its good results and established the National Dairy Development Board in Anand itself. Varghese Kurian was assigned. After that, the step-by-step action regarding milk production, production of milk products from milk and distribution system of all of them is called 'Operation Flood' i.e. White Revolution. Rda Varghese Kurian has made an invaluable contribution in this work. That is why he is also called the father of India's white revolution.

In order to meet the demand of milk and milk products in cities due to rapid urbanization in India, Shvetkrati is being implemented in three phases. In the white revolution, the rural people of the villages of Gujarat have contributed the most. So we have tried to discuss more details with respect to Gujarat. In the first phase (1970-80) with the help of the then European Economic Community, arrangements were made for the distribution of milk and milk products in the metropolitan cities of India. Under which mother dairies were established in four cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Madras). In the second phase (1981-85) importance was given to increasing the number of cooperative dairies in rural India and making milk powder from milk. In the final phase, the program was completed with the objective of scaling up the activity to increase the number of improved breeding animals and creating veterinary and allied facilities.

The foundation of the economy of rural Gujarat has become due to the establishment and admirable management of Village Milk Production Co-operative Society in the village of Gujarat. With the participation of women in economic acquisition in rural Gujarat, they have created an identity in their society. Nowadays, most of the farmers have daily expenses in terms of farming, children's education or health etc. out of this sector.

Amul Dairy located in Anand, Gujarat has made a leading name not only in India but also in the world. For this, leaders like Sardar Patel, Morarji Desai, Tribhuvandas Patel, women getting up early in the morning to milk milk in the villages of Gujarat have achieved success with the shared efforts of many anonymous people. Along with Anand's Amul Dairy, milk co-operative societies came into being gradually in different areas which were affiliated to District Co-operative Unions like.....

(1) Ahmedabad District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. - Excellent dairy

(2) Mehsana District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. - Sagar Dairy

(3) Sabarkantha District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. - Saber Dairy

(4) Banaskantha District Milk Producers Cooperative Society Ltd. - Banana dairy

(5) Gandhinagar District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. -Sweet dairy

(6) Kheda District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. -Amul Dairy

(7) Panchmahal District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. - Panchamrut Dairy

(8) Vadodara District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. - Baroda Dairy

(9) Valsad District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. -Vasudhara Dairy

(10) Surat District Milk Producers Cooperative Society Ltd. -Sumul Dairy

(11) Bharuch District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. -Milk Act Dairy

(12) Surendvanagar District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. - Sagar Dairy

(13) Bhavnagar District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. -The best dairy

(14) Botad District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. -The milk union is a new one Not working.

(15) Amreli District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. --

(16) Porbandar District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. --

(17) Junagadh District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. -Sorath Dairy

(18) Rajkot District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. --

(19) Kutch-Bhuj District Milk Producer Cooperative Sangh Ltd. --

(20) Morbi District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. --

(21) Jamnagar District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. --

(22) Devbhoomi-Dwarka District Milk Producers Co-operative Society Ltd. –

The milk union is a new one Not working.From the working structure of many such cooperative societies, it is understood that when milk was sold by farmers in the private sector, milk had to be disposed of on a daily basis. No scientific method was developed to store milk for a long time. As milk is a perishable food item, the farmer had to sell the milk at whatever price he could get to dispose of it quickly, so the farmers were exploited. Farmers' happiness has increased manifold by means of cooperative activities. Which can be known only from its positive effects.

The farmers of Kheda district were organized with the support of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was considered as iron man, and the foundation of Swakranti was laid in the spirit of mutual cooperation. The dairy industry was started on a cooperative basis from village to village, the spirit of democracy was developed at the village level where everyone stood in a line and collected milk in one White revolution has a good effect on the whole country by combining the cooperation and professional skills in the activities of the uneducated or semi-educated unskilled people of the rural areas with good results. Even in the midst of the widespread failure of middlemen, hoarders and profiteers in the market system, the white revolution has indeed achieved remarkable progress. The participation of rural women milk societies has increased in village-to-village cooperative standard milk societies. In modern times, the establishment and use of equipment of women's milk societies has increased.

Through the primary milk producer societies, the farmers and cattle rearers of the village have got a class due to the quality of the milk and the quality of the milk. A social service activity was started by providing good quality milk to such villagers at the same price.Milk producer cooperatives along with milk transform milk into various forms and produce products like ghee, butter, cheese, milk powder, chocolate, sweets, ice cream. The benefit of which is that people in rural and urban areas get satisfaction by consuming food.

Negative effects:-

Centre instead of the discrimination of caste, caste, high and low, male and female. Co-operatives have been thriving in our economy for a long time as a golden middle ground between the private and public sectors. For this, the principles and philosophy adopted by the cooperative activities are a particularly responsible factor. Even if any activity is good, if it does not change with time, evils enter into it.

The management of Gujarat Co-operative Milk Societies is something like, the most centrally being the State Co-operative Society whose members are the District Co-operative Milk Unions. These District Co-operative Unions are formed by Rural Milk Producers Co-operative Societies. Each village milk producer association which is the milk producer members of that village. This activity is an interrelated activity. At present, the politics and corruption of the District Cooperative Milk Unions and through them the Gramin Dudh Mandals are slowly spreading. Entry of power politics into the job All these things are against the principle of co-operation which actually undermines the foundation of co-operative activity. It is necessary to protect this activity.

REFERENCE:-

1. Book:- 55th All India Co-operative Week, Gujarat State Co-operative Union (14th November to 20th November 2008)

2. Department of Agriculture, Farmers Welfare and Cooperation Gujarat News.

3. Website http://www.zigya.com/blog/Shvetkranti and Gujarat.

Received on 01.05.2023 Modified on 23.05.2023

Int. J. Ad. Social Sciences. 2023; 11(2):70-73.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2679.2023.00011